Van Gogh Art And Art - 1161 Words

Vincent Van Gogh, born on March 30, 1853 and died on July 29, 1890, at age 37, became the most highly regarded Post Impressionist artist of his lifetime. Van Gogh’s works became notable for color, emotion, and beauty, influencing 20th century artists. When Van Gogh turned 27 he decided to start painting, but started showing signs of insanity. His work didn t fit the tradition of art at the time. When Van Gogh started reaching his most influential years, society at the time declared him unstable. After Van Gogh committed suicide, his art started getting noticed. Van Gogh the artist, ignored in life, painted art that people didn t consider fit at the time. Later after Van Gogh passed on, people started to see his work as art. When Van†¦show more content†¦Even though Van Gogh, the first artist to have mixed impressionism and expressionism, sold only one painting in his lifetime, he remained a true genius. Some would say that Van Gogh failed to use impressionism to its correct form, but he wasn’t doing things by the book, he mixed two types of art and made a new style that we use today, known as post-impressionism. Look at â€Å"Starry Night† painted in June 1889, with oil paint on a canvas, sizing at 2†² 5†³ x 3†² 0†³. He painted an obvious masterpiece, a mixture of impressionism and expressionism. He painted what he saw this out of his window at the asylum, it all seemed realistic to him. His art has changed modern art by the way we use his techniques to pull the view into the paintings, to make it seem like they are in the painting themselves. It helps to involve the reader. We see his work as inspiring, eye opening, even mind opening. He didn t always try t o impress people; he didn t care that people didn t notice his work most of the time. He just painted because it made him feel better, like the story where he would eat yellow paint because it was a happy color, and he thought it would bring him happiness. The painting â€Å"Irises† painted in 1889, using oil paint on a canvas, sizing at 2†² 4†³ x 3†² 1†³, helped him with his hallucinations (Harrison). In this same year he painted three of his sunflower paintings, these pieces are well known, just not is

Case 20 Randell Corp - 5323 Words

Case 20: Rondell Data Corporation John A. Seeger Bentley College Damn it, hes done it again! Frank Forbus threw the stack of prints and specifications down on his desk in disgust. The Model 802 wide-band modulator, released for production the previous Thursday, had just come back to Franks Engineering Services Department with a caustic note that began, This one cant be produced, either. . . . It was the fourth time Production had kicked the design back. Frank Forbus, director of engineering for Rondell Data Corp., was normally a quiet man. But the Model 802 was stretching his patience; it was beginning to look just like other new products that had hit delays and problems in the transition from design to production†¦show more content†¦How does it look in Engineering, Frank? Ive just reviewed the design for the second time, Frank replied. If Ron Porter can keep the salesmen out of our hair, and avoid any more last minute changes, weve got a shot. Ive pulled the draftsmen off three other overdue jobs to get this one out. But, Dave, that means we cant spring engineers loose to confer with your production people on manufacturing problems. Well, Frank, most of those problems are caused by the engineers, and we need them to resolve the difficulties. Weve all agreed that production bugs come from both of us bowing to sales pressure, and putting equipment into production before the designs are really ready. Thats just what were trying to avoid on the 802. But I cant have 500 people sitting on their hands waiting for an answer from your people. Well have to have some engineering support. Bill Hunt broke in, So long as you two can talk calmly about the problem Im confident you can resolve it. What a relief it is, Frank, to hear the way youre approaching this. With Kilmann (the previous director of engineering) this conversation would have been a shouting match. Right, Dave? Dave nodded and smiled. Now theres one other thing you should both be aware of, Hunt continued. Doc Reeves and I talked last night about a new filtering technique, one that might improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the 802 by a factor of two. Theres a chance Doc can come up with itShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesgovernment: the calculating self, hybridization, and performance measurement Liisa Kurunmaki and Peter Miller  ¨ 10. Analytics of costing system design Eva Labro 11. Understanding management control systems and strategy Kim Langfield-Smith v vii xi 1 20 42 69 92 117 146 166 198 217 243 x CONTENTS 12. Management accounting, operations, and network relations: debating the lateral dimension Jan Mouritsen and Allan Hansen 13. Trends in budgetary control and responsibility accounting

Structures of Subjectivity Explorations in Psychoanalytic

Question: Discuss about the Structures of Subjectivity for Explorations in Psychoanalytic. Answer: Introduction: Sigmund Freud, one of the forefathers of psychology is the founder of psychoanalysis. He developed several theories (Freud, 2012) that have formed the basis of "Psychoanalytic therapy." There is a growing incidence of mental health problems in the present world necessitating the implementation of psychotherapeutic approaches as they make deep-seated changes in emotional and personality development (Strupp, 2013). This therapy is the effective choice for patients with specific emotional concern. In this context; the essay explains the psychoanalytic therapy for Peter, a 40 years old single male, who is currently seeking the psychoanalytic therapist to end his struggle with interpersonal conflicts. The essay explains the process of psychoanalytic therapy in the context of the case study, the stages and techniques of therapy, and the goals of therapy. The essay further presents the critique of psychoanalytic therapy. It briefly explains the key contributions of the psychoanalytic therap y and its limitations. The paper also provides recommendations on how psychoanalytic therapy can further evolve to improve its efficacy in therapy. Lastly, the essay elaborates the applications of other models that can overcome the limitations of psychoanalytic therapy. According to Lionells et al., (2014), there are three stages of psychoanalytic therapy identified which are the "initial, middle and the late stage." During the initial phase, the therapist tends to know about the patient and establish a therapeutic relationship. In the context of Peter, the therapist may tend to know his characterological style, dangerous situation ruling his behavior and his defensive maneuvres. The therapist may note clients initial resistance to the process and early transferential process for using it in future when the better understanding of the clients past life will shed light on the "present transferential responses." During the middle stage, the therapist tends to learn the feelings of the visitor for a significant person in the childhood. The two main techniques used at this stage are analysis of transference and analysis of resistance (Stolorow et al., 2014). At this stage, the resistance to the treatment and the transference process becomes more pronoun ced and vital part of therapy. At this stage, the therapist can explain and relate between the "the inner unconscious conflicts or desires and disease." Therefore, it will help Peter to realize and comprehend thereby allowing him to experience wider choices in life. At this stage, Peter's present decision-making could no longer be a cloud by his past distortions. It is at this stage of treatment where Peter will be made to work through his conflicts. This may have the good effect on the client. In the late stage of psychoanalytic therapy also called as resolution stage, there is a consolidation of new changes in the client. The therapist understands the clients old pattern in the context of past and old memories that were repressed. Also, at this stage, interpersonal conflicts resulting in maladaptive behavior are resolved in the therapeutic situation. This stage may include repetition of transference and hence the therapist reveals some of the clients problems and helps them to fac e reality. The treatment is terminated when the patient can solve the transference independently (Peterfreund, 2016). In this essay, we will emphasize more on the middle stage of psychoanalytic therapy and its goals. The ultimate goal of any psychotherapy is the improvement and enhancement in patients physical and mental health to their sense of well-being. The aim is to help patients to manage their life more effectively (Dreher Sandler, 2013). The goal of the psychoanalytic therapy is to analyze the components contributing towards Peters interpersonal conflict and the way these components are effecting his relationship with himself and with others (Hall, 2013). The therapist then intends to study the patient by bringing out the characteristic through selective inattention. Further, the treatment goal is to focus on how Peter is maintaining is relationship with others as well as his behaviour and tendencies (Lionells et al., 2014). After analysing these components the goal of the therapist is to determine the reason contributing to his current behaviour and factors causing him to hold onto it (Pet erfreund, 2016). The two main techniques used at this stage are Free association, dream analysis, analysis of transference and analysis of resistance (Atwood Stolorow, 2014). During free association, Peter will be encouraged to speak everything that is in his mind. The therapist may start with an investigation, which may include in-depth questions allowing the client to reflect on himself. The therapist will analyze the responses as patterns and deduce the cause of interpersonal conflict by exploring, rephrasing and summarizing the patients narrations. The process of reflection will allow the therapist to understand Peter and alter his perception by the process called as Reframing Barker, (2013). During dream analysis, the therapist investigates the repressed feelings that are expressed in dreams uncovering the unconscious material (hidden motives and fears). This technique helps to provide insight into a peters present functioning. At this stage, the goal is to alter the perception that is damaging to Peter and contributing towards interpersonal conflict. The therapist intends to help the client in healthy decision-making. The client is assisted to make healthy choices and act accordingly without external influences and anxiety. The importance of overcoming anxiety is because "anxiety and depression" are resultant of past interactions and are the cause of conflict between the conscious and unconscious (Dreher Sandler, 2013). While analysing transference, the therapist identifies the feelings to be resolved. It requires confrontation of Peters wishes, guilt and defenses and any discrepancies in clients conversation. At this stage, the treatment goal is to analyse the conflicts contributing to resistance. For example, Clients resistance towards revealing behavior patterns, fantasies to the therapist and are manifested as cancelling appointments or avoiding consideration. Therefore, the goal of therapy is to iden tify and eliminate the resistance using countertransference. At this stage, the goal is to identify the best treatment approach. This is continued until a stage is attained where the client will have cathartic experience indicating he can be cured (Benecke et al., 2016). The psychoanalytic therapy is in use since a century and has generated a great body of research about its key contribution. Psychoanalysis has contributed to basic understanding of the maladaptive and adaptive psychological development as per Eysenck, (2013). It continues to contribute towards an understanding of "depression and its treatment." According to Strupp, (2013) a major meta-analysis of psychoanalysis indicates positive outcomes in 80% of the clients treated with psychotherapy. A significant statistics is available on the benefits of psychotherapy, which indicates a long lasting effect of psychoanalytic therapy on the clients. The study released by "American Psychological Association" in the field of mental health has shown similar results in 2010 (). With the review of 16 meta-studies on the effectiveness of talk therapy used in psychoanalysis, it was concluded that 90% of the people who underwent psychoanalysis have benefited and it lasted long after the termination of tr eatment. These contributions of psychoanalytic therapy are note worthy and indicate the strength of the therapy. By virtue of this approach, several people with range of difficulties such as interpersonal conflict, addiction, anxiety and depression, relationship based problem and hidden emotional concerns were successfully treated with this technique (Summers, 2013). The technique was also successful when used for patients with personality disorder, learning disabilities, eating disorders, insomnia, and various types of phobias (Wampold Imel, 2015). In addition to its strength, the psychoanalytic therapy is subjected to several limitations. The key limitation is the cost and length of treatment (Wright, 2013). This therapy is comprised of several sessions and is not covered by health insurances. This may limit the accessibility for those with financial difficulties. The psychoanalysis consumes several weeks and months depending on the severity of the mental illnesses which may be difficult for working clients to stick to the schedule which defeats the purpose of the treatment method used. Further, there is a lack of consensus of the effectiveness of psychoanalysis among the practitioners. The Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals continue to practice psychoanalysis although it is less common today than in the years past. This is due to the criticism of both Freud and psychoanalysis in extreme terms. The criticism towards psychoanalytic approach relates to the changes that have taken place in mental health care and psychoanalytical diagnosis" over time (Schmidt Schimmelmann, 2013). Wright, (2013) Criticized that the psychoanalytical theories are heavily based on the clinical case studies. It is criticized that these theories are not enough for experimental research and is regarded as pseudoscience. Atwood Stolorow, (2014) Argued that theory of psychoanalysis are falsifiable. There is a lack of clinical evidence supporting the casual claims of psychoanalysis as mentioned by (Freud, 2012). This constitutes the major limitation of psychoanalysis. Various alternate models have been suggested to overcome the limitations of the psychoanalysis psychotherapy. According to the paper The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy published by "American Psychological Associations" Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or CBT have scientific base and its benefits are as large as any other psychotherapies (Tasca et al., 2014). According to Hofmann et al., (2012) more than 160 studies have concluded CBT to be only evidence-based options. This psychodynamic model has been scientifically proven to be effective in alleviating interpersonal distress and emotional conflicts. Using the elements of CBT in psychotherapy will improve its efficacy as this is the form of behavioral treatment, which is problem-focussed and allows the concerned individual to see the relationship between feelings, thoughts and beliefs and subsequent actions. It includes combination of other therapies such as "dialectical therapy", and "rational emotive behaviour therapy" (Summe rs, 2013). Therefore, it is recommended to collate the psychoanalytic therapy with CBT to minimize the downside of psychoanalytic approach. It combines the principles of "behavior and cognitive psychology" (Benecke et al., 2016). The factor that distinguishes CBT from the former therapy is the greater focus on the concerned individual rather than the past (Schmidt Schimmelmann, 2013). CBT places importance on thinking. It helps the client to overcome dysfunctional assumptions and automatic thoughts to gain perspective that is more realistic. Unlike the psychoanalytic therapy, CBT tends to be of short duration even for serious emotional problems. Similar to psychoanalytic therapy, CBT has long lasting effect on the client even after the termination of the sessions. It introduces the patient in this case- Peter to set of principles that he can apply at any time and point of his life (Hind et al., 2014). In the given case study, Peter can be provided with collaborative treatment including both CB T and psychoanalytical approach that may help him resolve his interpersonal conflicts. Another alternate treatment option considering Peters case study is "patient-centered therapy" developed by Carl Rogers. This therapy includes humanistic approach and deals with individuals perception about himself or herself consciously Rogers, (2013). In contrast to psychoanalytic therapy, this client-centred counselling does not emphasize on how the therapist can interpret the client's unconscious ideas and thoughts. Instead, this technique, the counselor understands the patients experiences from their point of view while being open and genuine. This therapy has been found effective in facilitating the relationships and personal growth of the individuals by enhancing their inner strength, self-awareness and identity (Morgan Yoder, 2012). This therapy is applicable in the range of cognitive difficulties such as personality disorders, alcohol addictions and eating disorders. Also, this therapy, allows the client to have control over the content and pace of sessions. Using the eleme nts of person-centered therapy in psychotherapy will improve its efficacy and hence is recommended for resolving interpersonal conflicts of Peter. The other advantage of this therapy is its non-directive form of communication where the therapist treats clients being non-judgmental. Conclusively, the author agrees that the psychoanalytic therapy is a beneficial approach keeping aside the cost and time limitations. The use of techniques such as free association and dream analysis ensures positive results to the clients. However, the limitations of this therapy may overcome by incorporating the elements of "patient centered therapy" developed by Carl Rogers and CBT. No matter what therapy is used it is essential to incorporate empathy to understand the clients current predicament. Care and compassion fasten the problem solving method to achieve a good positive resultfor the client. References Atwood, G. E., Stolorow, R. D. (2014).Structures of subjectivity: Explorations in psychoanalytic phenomenology and contextualism. Routledge. Barker, P. (2013). Reframing: The Essence of Psychotherapy? Philip Barker.Ericksonian Methods: The Essence Of The Story, 211. Benecke, C., Huber, D., Staats, H., Zimmermann, J., Henkel, M., Deserno, H., Schauenburg, H. (2016). A comparison of psychoanalytic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety (panic/agoraphobia) and personality disorders (APD study): presentation of the RCT study design.Zeitschrift fr Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie,62(3), 252-269. Dreher, A. U., Sandler, J. (2013).What do psychoanalysts want?: the problem of aims in psychoanalytic therapy(Vol. 24). Routledge. Eysenck, H. J. (2013). Learning Theory and Behaviour Therapyf.Readings in Clinical Psychology, 349. Freud, S. (2012).The basic writings of Sigmund Freud. Modern library. Hall, H. K. (Ed.). (2013).Psychoanalytic therapy and behavior therapy: is integration possible?. Springer Science Business Media. Hind, D., Cotter, J., Thake, A., Bradburn, M., Cooper, C., Isaac, C., House, A. (2014). Cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 1. Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses.Cognitive therapy and research,36(5), 427-440. Lionells, M., Fiscalini, J., Mann, C., Stern, D. B. (2014).Handbook of interpersonal psychoanalysis. Routledge. Morgan, S., Yoder, L. H. (2012). A concept analysis of person-centered care.Journal of Holistic Nursing,30(1), 6-15. Peterfreund, E. (2016). The process of psychoanalytic therapy: Models and strategies. Rogers, C. R. (2013).Significant aspects of client-centered therapy. CreateSpace Independent Publishing. Schmidt, S. J., Schimmelmann, B. G. (2013). Evidence-based psychotherapy in children and adolescents: advances, methodological and conceptual limitations, and perspectives.European child adolescent psychiatry,22(5), 265. Stolorow, R. D., Brandchaft, B., Atwood, G. E. (2014).Psychoanalytic treatment: An intersubjective approach. Routledge. Strupp, H. H. (2013). The outcome problem in psychotherapy revisited. Summers, F. (2013).Transcending the self: An object relations model of psychoanalytic therapy. Routledge. Tasca, G. A., Hilsenroth, M., Thompson-Brenner, H. (2014). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa.American Journal of Psychiatry,171(5), 583-584. Wallerstein, R. S. (2014). Self Psychology and Classical Psychoanalytic PsychologyThe Nature of Their Relationship: A.Reflections on Self Psychology (Psychology Revivals), 313. Wampold, B. E., Imel, Z. E. (2015).The great psychotherapy debate: The evidence for what makes psychotherapy work. Routledge. Wright, E. (2013).Psychoanalytic criticism. Routledge.

Fundamentals and Management Current Complex Global Management

Question: Describe about the Fundamentals and Management for Current Complex Global Management. Answer: Introduction Administering people in current complex global environment has become tough task where key managerial personalities must be efficient in segregating the assigned tasks among individuals and capable of offering clear instruction to involved parties to have desired outcomes (Armstrong Porter, 2007; Daft, 2011; Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2007). Nature of enterprise varies from being in business, education, hospitals to non-profit field due to which the task and role of managers are different which needs to managed superiorly to create competitive edge against other players (Young, 2010; Hollyforde Whiddett, 2002). This report has selected Woolworths Limited, an Australian Retailer, that focus on extending strategic leadership in food and liquor segment, increasing shareholder value, creating competitive growth plans and encouraging people who supports growth (Woolworths Liqour Group, 2015). The tasks with which the senior team leader of Endeavour Drinks segment, Martin Smith, of the co mpany is assigned with will be analysed (Woolworths Liqour Group, 2015). The basic details regarding the team leader position and job description will be highlighted further along with list of parties, principle characteristics and diagrammatic representation among personnel. Requirement of Job Harold (2010) claims that working as a leader is a complex where the role is to offer individual maximum support to complete their assigned tasks accurately and assists the firm to obtain their desired goals. The position of Martin Smith in Woolworth Limited is essential where the person in order to manage the staff and executives requires giving significant knowledge for managing day-to-day activities and obtaining operational excellence (Woolworths Liqour Group, 2015). As per an article published in newspaper, the CEO of the company claimed its liquor segment among the market leaders and appropriate example for innovation in the Australian retail (Homewood, 2015). The position which Martin Smith holds in the company is critical and challenging wherein accordance to changing preferences of consumers the manager must be eligible to inspire peers and subordinates for innovation (Woolworths Liqour Group, 2015). The requirement of the job is to create friendly relation with suppliers an d partners so that they can serve the requirements of millions customers that improve their satisfaction level (Forsyth, 2009). The job description of Martin Smiths position is to understand the necessities of business and convey important decisions and information related with department to subordinates and people. This way the company will be able to improve its processes and maintain suitable relation with suppliers and consumers (Turner, 2012). For instance, in Australia, in order to be the price leader the entity came up with a Savings Everyday Campaign where consumers were informed about the benefits of shopping at company (Woolworths Limited, 2013). Woolworths Liquor group is having wide range of consumers across varied segments and channels which require clear leadership with regular communication with producers and farmers (Woolworths Limited, 2011). Moreover, in order to attract and retain consumer base the company has involved itself in coming up with innovative strategie s for online and in store departments (Mitchell, 2015). For retaining the corporate vision of the company, leaders personality must be dynamic, quick decision-maker, innovator and inspiring. List of Parties Woolworth liquor department is managed jointly for Australia and New Zealand where after Greg Foran, Martin Smith has been recruited as senior team personnel to administer the entire region (Mitchell, 2015). In order to conduct the activities several internal and external parties of the company are involved who ensures that items are delivered within estimated time period to consumers. Some of the essential parties with whom Martin Smith has to contact regularly are as illustrated in table 1. Table 1: Key Personnel of Woolworths with designation and job role Name Designation Job Role Mr. Brad Banducci MD and CEO Administers the overall activities of Woolworths brands Mr. Steve Greentree General Manager Looks after essential portfolios trading portfolio of Woolworths Mr. David Chambers Managing Director of New Zealand supermarket business Assigned for taking care of supermarket business. Mr. Luke Dunkerley General Manager of Consumer and Corporate Marketing Department Works closely with the trading divisions of entity especially with new Home Improvement business Masters. Ms. Elizabeth Reyley Marketing GM for Australia Looking after the marketing schemes and campaigns that must be launched by enterprise for superior performance. Terry Thomas Liquor Department Manager Made responsible for taking care of inventory level at liquor and processing orders. Campbell Stott (Dan Murogys) General Manager (Supplier) Supplies liquor (beer) to Woolworth limited. (Source: Woolworths Liqour Group, 2015) Principle Characteristics of Group Table 2 illustrates the principle characteristics of Group and pattern of interaction among several departments of enterprise. Table 2: Characteristics of the Interacting Group Name Demographics Characteristics Pattern of Interaction Brad Banducci Age: 55 Gender: Male Personality: Done MBA and Bachelor of Law and Commerce. Have held the position of CFO, non-executive director, Vice President at Cellarmasters, Tyro Payments and The Boston Consultancy Group Bard being the heading personality of the company needs to have direct interaction with other directors and team leaders regularly. Steve Greentree Age: 35 Gender: Male Personality: Have held position as Management Trainee, administer for business development, COE of supermarkets and Petrol, GM for Quality Assurance (Australia) Steve has wide experience in operations for which formal and direct communication among trading partners and several other department of Woolworths. Luke Dunkerley Age: 37 Gender: Male Personality: Had been Advertising copywriter, MD at MC Saatchi Retail and The Campaign Palace. Interacts directly with new Home Improvement business Masters. Terry Thomas Age: 30 Gender: Male Personality: Worked as supermarket worker at Supa IGA plus liquor shop. Reporting directly under Martin and managing operations related with liquor supply. Campbell Stott (Dan Murogys) Age: 40 Gender: Male Personality: Have directed large teams involved in day-to-day operations within liquor and fresh food field. Being among the important supplier of Woolworths Limited Campbell requires to administer the Elizabeth Reyley Age: 30 Gender: Female Personality: Has been working in the company for marketing schemes and campaigns. Interacting with marketing agencies, strategists and managers for coming up with innovative concepts of increasing sales of items. (Source: Woolworths Liquor Group, 2015) Nature of interdependency existing between manager and key individuals The group shares pooled interdependence among each other where every personnel are assigned with distinct jobs with different departments (Wheelan, 2005; Grifin, 2013). Martin being the liquor department senior manager requires proper interaction (direct and indirect) with people belonging to the entity where failure of one department could impact the performance of entire business. For instance, for continuous supply of wine Martin must be direct contact with Campbell Stott (Dan Murogys) and on the other hand with Elizabeth regarding ways to increase the sale. If Elizabeth fails to come up innovative and attractive marketing campaigns it could result in poor sale of liquor brands of Woolworths and Dan Murogy. This illustrates that pooled interdependence among people belonging to distinct designation and department exist which must be managed efficiently by Martin to have superior performance of entity. Diagrammatic representation of interdependencies among people Figure 1 illustrates the interaction and dependency that people shares within different Woolworth Department. The independent group are Brad Banducci, Steve Greentree and David Chambers as they are important managerial of Woolworths who are assigned to look after entire supermarket business in Australia. On the other hand, supplier companys director Campbell Stott, Elizabeth Reyley and Duke Dunkerley are largely interdependent among each other where Martin Smith in order to have efficient supply, advertising schemes and stock of liquor items requires maintaining proper interaction among the team. Figure 1: Interdependency among Personnel with Martin Smith (Source: Authors Creation) Martin Smith works under the supervision of Brad Banducci, Steve Greentree and David Chambers and they must be informed regarding key decisions while Martin Smith is the directing authority for the Terry Thomas and other two. The group shares a pooled interdependency where they are indirectly or directly linked and must be efficient in handling their assigned tasks failing which the overall performance could be affected. Evaluation of the Interdependent Group Terry Thomas: Assigned with the post of Liquor Department Manager and is responsible for taking care of inventory level of liquor at stores and processing orders. Terrys efficiency and effectiveness of jobs is entirely dependent on direction and inspiration provided by Martin Smith. Martin in order to increase satisfaction level of Terry should have proper communication and appraisal mechanisms that result in encouragement and superior performance of department. Campbell Stott: The efficiency and effectiveness of suppling enterprise is interconnected with how efficiently Martin Smith manages the deals. While trading the items to any company, suppliers frames certain rules and conditions regarding quality, price and quantity of items being transferred that must be handled efficiently to have regular flow of stock at stores (Wheelan, 2005). The schemes or additional benefit that Martin Smith provides to suppliers impacts the overall decisions and supply chain management of Woolworths liquor department. Elizabeth Reyley: Reyley looks after the advertising campaigns that need to be implemented by Woolworths brands to improve or increase the sales against other competitors. Martin Smith interaction with Elizabeth is essential regarding what offers they are offering related with drinks based on which the overall theme of campaign depends. Therefore, improper interaction between Martin Smith and Elizabeth Reyley could result in improper strategic communication and loss of sales. Conclusion and Recommendations The report has discussed different departmental heads and personnel related with senior team management of Woolworths liquor section. Martin Smith has been recruited as managing executive of liquor stores throughout different parts of Australia and New Zealand. In order to have superior performance it should be ensured that proper interaction among departments and people are being undertaken. The report has pointed out list of parties that are involved in important decisions of liquor department where dependency among people are illustrated through diagrammatical representation. It was observed that activities of liquor department manager, marketing head and supplier is highly interlinked with the decisions and information conveyed by Martin Smith. In order to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction level of personnel working in accordance with Martin must come up various schemes like redesigning of structure and work routine of departments. Better incentive mechanism for personnel like Terry Thomas could be applied where proper recognition or promotion could be offered for maintaining appropriate flow of liquor at stores. In order to have better tasks accomplishment in companies the managers must be capable of improving the personnel efficiency through better tasks and structures. References Armstrong, M. Porter, R.H. (2007). Handbook of Industrial Organization. Netherland: Elsevier. Daft, R.L. (2011). Management. London: Cengage Learning. Forsyth, D.R. (2009). Group Dynamics. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Grifin, R.W. (2013). Fundamentals of Management. London: Cengage Learning. Harold, K. (2010). Essentials of Management. Noida: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. Hoskisson, R. (2007). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 7 th Edition. London: Cengage Learning. Hollyforde, S, Whiddett,S. (2002). The Motivation Handbook. Wiltshire: CIPD. Homewood, S. (2015). Woolworths names new MD, shakes up liquor and food division. Retrieved from https://www.adnews.com.au/news/woolworths-names-new-md-shakes-up-liquor-and-food-division Mitchell, S. (2015). Woolworths restructure takes toll onSenior Team. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/woolworths-restructure-takes-toll-on-senior-team-20150525-gh918j.html Turner, M.E. (2012).Groups at Work: Theory and Research. London: Routledge. Wheelan, S.A. (2005). The Handbook of Group Research and Practice. London: Sage. Woolworths Limited. (2011). Senior Management Changes at Woolworths Food, Liquor Petrol Division. Retrieved from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/130187_Senior_Management_Changes_at_Woolworths_Food_Liquor__Petrol_Division.pdf Woolworths Limited. (2013). Annual Report 2013. Retrieved from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/137198_Annual_Report_2013.pdf Woolworths Liqour Group. (2015). Managing Director of Woolsworths Liquor Group. Retrieved from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/182389_Martin_Smith_-_Managing_Director_of_Woolworths_Liquor_Group.pdf Young, S.T. (2010). Essentials of Operations Management. London: Sage.

Christianity in Sudan

Abstract Christianity in Sudan can be traced back to the 5th century even before the colonialists and Muslims stepped into Africa. Christianity was the official religion of the three Nubian kingdoms along Nile River: Makouria, Nobatia, and Alwa kingdom. Ever since the Muslim Arabs occupied North Africa and particularly northern Sudan, Christians have never had peace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity in Sudan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christianity is a tolerant religion unlike Islam. This paper explores the social, political, economic, and technological challenges facing Christians in Sudan. The suffering of the Christians in Sudan has been increased by the Muslim dominated Sudanese government. Introduction Christians in Sudan today face numerous challenges. The basis of these problems traces its roots to a long history. The origin of Christianity predates both the colonial and Islamic era. This goes back to the 5th century when there were Christian kingdoms in northern Sudan with churches built in every village1. Archeological evidence of this era is available in the Sudanese National Museum. By 580 A.D. Christianity was an official religion of the three Nubian kingdoms along Nile River: Makouria, Nobatia, and Alwa kingdom. This remained the way it is till 638 A.D. when Egypt was conquered by Arab Muslims. The Arabs occupied most parts of Egypt and forced the Christians to sign a non aggressive treaty with them, placing the border around Aswan2. Nevertheless, Christians who were dominantly Nubians started experiencing conflicts around the border with Muslim Arabs. Sporadically religious differences became a factor in the sprained relationship between Muslims and Christians. These problems became part and parcel of the lives of Christians. Since then these problems have persisted up to date. Sudanese government is dominated by Muslims who are trying everything possible to Islamize the whole country3. This act of coercion also occurred during the earlier spread of Christianity. Kingdoms that embraced Christianity forced their subjects to accept their new faith since it was considered as a faith of the state. Islamization of the early Kingdoms by the Muslim Kings was a major set-back to Christian faith. During that era, the King was the only person who could mobilize the people to resist invasion by the foreigners. The King’s failure to help these kingdoms led to their total collapse4. Social, political, economic and technological challenges facing Christians in Sudan During the era of government of National Salvation Revolution, scores of non-Muslims were converted to Islam. Muslims were also convinced to cross over to Christianity. The converted Muslims lived in fear of being attacked by their former Muslim brothers. Muslims rarely tolerate the existence of non-Muslims in their society.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, majority of Christians who lived in the north suffered denunciation and extermination. While Muslims-Arabs who lived in Christians dominated areas, particularly in the south, were looked upon with suspicion. Converted Christians were regarded as Judas/ betrayers. At the same time they were suspected by the Muslim Arabs as spies5. Whether Sudan remained as one state or separated as it is now, the conflict between Muslims and Christians can not be solved easily. This problem has become more complex at the moment6. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by the Khartoum government and the SPLA recognizes the diversity of the Sudanese people. The Christians in this case are considered as legitimated members of the society. However, Christians still face numerous challenges including socio-economic, political and technological problems7. On matters political, before the split of Sudan the posi tion of the Presidency was a monopoly of the Muslims. The best position which the non-muslim members, especially Christians would get was the deputy position8. Former deputy to President Omar Al Bashir, Mr. Al Zubeir Mohamed Salih had a Christian deputy by the name Gorge Kongor. Zubeir passed away when President Bashir was outside the country for official duty9. The constitution gave Kongor the power to ascent to the throne for a temporary basis until the president was back in the country but he was denied that position even though it was only for a short time. This confirmed non-Christians’ perception that the position of Presidency was only preserved for Muslims. Osman Mohamed Taha was appointed the vice President while George Kongor was retained in the third hierarchy. All the way through the history of Sudan, Christians from the south have always deputized Muslim-Arab presidents. The most recent case was that of Salva Kir deputizing Omar Al Bashir. The Southern Sudan tend ed to maintain a Muslim head of state to counter the dominant Muslim heads10. In matters economics, a study carried out in Sudan revealed that Christian churches were doing badly as compared to Muslim Mosques and other secular sectors in Sudan. This has resulted to worsening state of some of these churches socio-economically. Despite of their vision and mission, churches in the whole of Sudan have not been successful economically. This has adversely affected the Christians since they are not been given economic back up in life. The only remedy left for the church is to focus on its own economy11. In social matters, most of the Christians in Sudan are marginalized especially those in the south and western parts of Sudan. Christian faithful are susceptible to social mobility. Their places of worship are made of shabby materials which is a complete contrast to the earlier Nubian Kingdoms who worshiped in temples. Most church buildings in Sudan are very poor and some are makeshift struc tures12.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity in Sudan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christians in Sudan have minimal access to technology. Technological gadgets available to them are backward and outdated. Advanced technologies in the neighboring countries such as Kenya and Uganda have been used to facilitate worship and evangelism. Technological gadgets used in these countries include Radio, computers, mobile phones, TVs, among others. However, these technologies are mere fairy tales to majority of the Christians in Sudan13. The topmost challenge facing Christianity and other religions in Sudan and the rest of the world is secularism. The modern day lifestyles are characterized by ungodly existence even among religious faithful. This is one of the reasons why the Muslim dominant government of Khartoum has been pushing for Islamic state where the daily activities of the citizens are governed by relig ious doctrines. Christians in Sudan, though aspiring for secular state, are expressing caution on the way this type of state should operate. Christians are urged to balance personal freedom and abuse of values of human life14. Christians in Sudan also face oppression and intimidation from the Muslim majority. Many of these atrocities were committed during the era of Government of National Salvation Revolution (G.N.S.R.). The incumbent is a member of the Islamic party branded as National Congress Party. The party is believed to have been designed and structured by Muslims. During the era of Government of National Salvation Revolution Christian properties were confiscated. This included the forcible take over of the Catholic club by the state in Khartoum. There is still a widespread outcry by Christians in the north regarding the abusive approach used by the government machinery towards them15. Government of National Salvation Revolution also used guerilla tactics such as promoting in terdenominational conflicts to achieve their objectives. When the Christians in Sudan were voicing their concern to stop the war in south Sudan, the government had infiltrated the churches and was using their own members to fight them. While most of the Christians were advocating for peace in south Sudan, those who had been compromised by the state were holding different opinion. Churches which complied with the state directives were converted into national churches. These include the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sudan (ECSS) and the Reformed Episcopal Church (REC)16.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Government of National Salvation Revolution was accused of intentionally interfering with the affairs of the Sudanese churches. Many church leaders pleaded with the incumbent to help stop these acts of injustice against the church but in vain. On the other hand, the attention of the president was drawn to the actions of Islamic group known as Ansar. The abuse and oppression of Christianity are exemplified in the burning of the Bible copies in Khartoum on February 8th 199917. Christians in Sudan are also infringed of their legal rights. Religious freedom in Sudan is monopolized by the ruling party and the Government of National Salvation Revolution. Even though the Comprehensive Peace Pact addressed the issue of religious freedom, its implementation has remained unsuccessful. Religious pundits stated that religious freedom in Sudan is disjointed and complex. Religious freedom is entrenched in the constitution, but since the Judiciary is dominated by the Muslims justice has become an illusion to the Christians in Sudan18. Conclusion Christianity in Sudan traces its roots back to the 5th century. Christianity existed in the northern Africa even before the coming of the colonialists and the Islamic religion. Increased dominance of the north by the Muslim Arabs has caused a great deal of suffering to the Christians. Contrary to Islam, Christianity is known to be very tolerant to other religions. The problems Christians face in Sudan have been increased by the Muslim dominated government in Khartoum. Christians undergo all forms of oppressions and human right violations in Sudan. Bibliography Brenner, Louis. 2000. Histories of religion in Africa. Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no.2 (JUNE):143-167. John, Kongi. 2011. Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation. Web. Ogbukalu, Uke. 2005. African Christianity: An African Story. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Church History, University of Pretoria Yusuf F. Hassan. 2002. Reli gion and Conflict in Sudan. Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series. Footnotes 1 Brenner, Louis.† Histories of religion in Africa†. Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no.2 (2000):143-167. 2 Ogbukalu, Uke. African Christianity: An African Story. Pretoria, South Africa (Department of Church History, University of Pretoria, 2005). 3 Louis, 144. 4 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 5 Ibid, 4. 6 Ibid 5. 7 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 8 Ibid, 4. 9 Ibid,5. 10 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 11 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 12 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 13 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 14 Brenner, Louis.† Histories of religion in Africa†. Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no.2 (2000):143-167. 15 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 16 Ibid, 6. 17 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 18 Ogbukalu, Uke. African Christianity: An African Story. Pretoria, South Africa ( Department of Church History, University of Pretoria, 2005) This essay on Christianity in Sudan was written and submitted by user Evelynn Parker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mental Health in Youths Essays

Mental Health in Youths Essays Mental Health in Youths Paper Mental Health in Youths Paper Mental health problems are becoming increasingly prevalent in society, especially in youths. One of the main mental health issues faced by today’s youth is depression. There are many psychological, cultural and social factors that contribute to a serious mental condition, such as depression. The main five Primary Health Care principles are appropriate technology, health promotion, community participation, accessibility and inter-sectoral collaboration. These Primary Health Care principles work hand in hand in approaching and tackling the issue of mental health in youths. A greater focus must be awarded to not only depression and other forms of mental health but special attention needs to be paid to our youth. Today’s youth, however, must also be informed of the various programs and assistance that is available to them. Addressing the issue of mental health requires extensive ongoing contact with the person suffering. In today’s technologically advanced society, the Internet is more accessible then it has ever been before. This has resulted in the majority of our youth’s communication taking place online through various social networking sites. Thus, in order to effectively contact the younger generations, it must be done so through the Internet. Health professionals on a global scale have exploited this avenue of communication and, as outline by Frank Quinlan, it’s working. â€Å"Online services do seem to also be making mental health services accessible to people who may not otherwise seek treatment,† (Molloy 2013). As there are many advantages of this service including the 24/7 around the clock help they can receive. Younger people are generally more reluctant to walk into a clinic than adults. They feel at such a young age they shouldn’t be feeling depressed, that something is wrong with them and talking to someone about such an issue is the last thing they want to do. Online services remove all the embarrassment companied with face-to-face communication and is a preferred form of help amongst youth today as they can speak to someone anonymously from the comfort of their own home. Although, online services has many benefits, face-to-face communication should not be cancelled out as there is a variety of face-to-face services available and some mental illnesses can’t be treated without contact face-to-face. Educating young teens about mental health is the key to preventing it, understanding what can trigger it and how they can control it. â€Å"Around 75 per cent of all severe mental illness starts before the age of 24† (Government of Western Australia 2010). Hard-hitting facts such as these must be communicated to today’s youth to highlight the importance of good mental health. Targeting younger generations through education in schools will immensely reduce the number of mental illnesses since a large majority of cases develop during school years. â€Å"The promotion of mental health equals the reduction of numbers of people with mental illness in a community† (Sartorius 2008). By targeting the social and economical factors of mental health, this will strengthen the understanding in ways to support and achieve good mental health. â€Å"Mental health can be directly or indirectly supported through a range of activity in other domains, such as improving health literacy, reducing alcohol misuse, improving educational outcomes or preventing violence† (Department of Health 2011) In order for the problem of mental health in youth to receive more national attention, funding, health services and education, awareness must be raised about the issue. People must be made aware of the seriousness of the problem and the effects it has on our youth. Once people become aware of the issues, they will in turn allocate it more funding and increase community participation. The government will recognize the people’s interest in the topic and will also, in turn, take steps forward to reducing mental health in youth. Youths, particularly in schools, are apart of a vulnerable group to mental health, as they face challenges such as peer pressure and need support from the community. By strengthening the relationships that are already present in an individual’s life enhances their sense of care, support and belongingness. Even with the â€Å"prevention is a better approach that a cure† (Janusic 2012) mentality it is still important that treatments and other help are always available to youths in society. Everyone needs support to develop their identity and independence and the need to belong and connect with social groups. It is evident that people at this age are experiencing a lot of pressure and support is critical in their lives. â€Å"The focus on youth help seeking is in response to the low rate of professional service use evident at this stage of life – a clear mismatch with the high level of need† (Rickwood, Raphael and Pilgrim 2011) Youths can be given professional help from groups such as Headspace who offer anonymous help and are a foundation for mental health. They understand youths are reluctant to seeking help on their own. They offer support for mental health and counseling, their â€Å"primary focus is the mental health and wellbeing of all Australians† (Headspace 2013). Another program is the intensive mobile youth outreach support that manages mental health in adolescents. Through anonymous programs, kids are more likely to seek help. There are a variety of cultural, psychological and social pressures that are stimulants for poor mental health. It is, therefore, no surprise that younger people are constantly being diagnosed more frequently with mental disorders. Dual diagnosis is an area which is associated with significant mental disability related to drug use; it is the idea that â€Å"one condition may cause the other,† (Youth action and policy association 2006). This means that any pre-existing mental condition may lead to other implications such as alcohol abuse, however, those with a pre-existing alcohol problem are more susceptible to incurring a mental disability (Youth action and policy association 2006). The ideas explored by Rickwood, Raphael and Pilgrim (2011) are that mental conditions such as depression and anxiety are becoming the most common mental disability in youths, which are recognized as ‘cognitive distortions’ due to the stage in which youths are becoming more prevalent which is called a ‘negative problem orientation’. This shows that a variety of pressures are placed on today’s youth that impacts their mental health negatively. Without sufficient support, it is possible that these issues may become worse or permanent. It is, therefore, important that young people experiencing these mental problems receive support and care before their problem progresses. The main principles of primary health care give assistance to various areas of mental health through not only increasing awareness, but also, by increasing the facilities that are available. With constantly increasing societal pressures, the chance of today’s youths developing a mental condition of some kind is much greater than ever before.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International business - Essay Example Globalization on the other hand is also associated with different businesses and financial risks. Globalization in context to Western Australia is no different from the rest of the world. It can have varied effects on different economies in the world. Various forces like investors, borrowers, financial institutions, etc. are affecting increased levels of financial globalization (Schmukler, Zoido, & Halac, n.d., p.1). Globalization describes the spread and interconnectivities of new advanced technologies, communication systems and production all over the world (Smith, & Doyle, 2002). Various benefits to citizens of a country as a result of globalization includes admittance to increased varieties of products and services at lower costs, increased number of job opportunities, higher standard of living, etc (International Monetary Fund, February 2008). Globalization and its impact on Western Australia in terms of job opportunity, economic growth, concerns and factor will be discussed in an illustrated manner to have an overview as how Western Australia has dealt with globalization and its effects. ... The political factors represent the current political stability of a country. It includes the factors such as political changes, tax policies, changes in the restriction of trades, tariffs and the stability of the government. In the context to West Australia the government is very much stable. The government follows federal system. The tax policies as well as the tariff structures are well structured. Western Australia in over 50 year has shown relative growth in terms of output and employment. The share of employment and output of share crossed the 30% mark in recent times (Graph 1). Population has played a major role in the growth of output in various industries in Western Australia (Graph 2). Immigration is the reason behind population growth which has vastly contributed to the industrial growth in this part of Australia (Collony, & Lewis, 2010). Graph 1 (Source: Collony, & Lewis, 2010) Graph 2 (Source: Collony, & Lewis, 2010) The trade policies of Western Australia and more speci fically Australia have been to focus on international markets. Western Australia initiated the need for globalization for its domestic industries as well as import of products from low-wage countries was in the agenda of the government. The main focus in context to structural reform is related to the building of competitive market for the private sector industry in domestic as well as global market. Globalization had a great impact on Australia’s trade which includes Western Australia as well. The globalization has made considerable growth in industries like manufacturing and service industry while rural sector has been affected (Graph 3). Graph 3 (Source: RBA, May 2012 a) The financial climate Globalization has established many new components into the financial market of